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Gerunds (-ing form)

A gerund is the -ing form of a verb that is used as a noun. We use the gerund as a subject:

Volunteering is good for the community.

Helping others is a great way to be useful to your society.

We use the gerund as an object:

after certain verbs such as consider, avoid, imagine, practice, suggest, mind, recommend, deny, delay, postpone, etc.

I suggest helping at the Centre of Disease Control and Prevention.

after verbs and prepositions such as apologize for, concentrate on, help with, complain about, dream of, insist on, rely on, succeed in, focus on, carry on, etc.

I am helping with giving food to poor families.

after some phrases such as can't stand, can't help, feel like, it's (not) worth, have a good time, etc.

I look forward to volunteering abroad this summer.

2. Find and correct ONE mistake in each sentence.

Thu suggested to go to the fundraising event.

Corrected: Thu suggested going to the fundraising event.

Explanation: After the verb "suggest," we use a gerund (going) instead of the infinitive (to go).

Our government is focusing on reduce the rate of crime.

Corrected: Our government is focusing on reducing the rate of crime.

Explanation: After the preposition "on," we use a gerund (reducing).

The organisation is having trouble to find shelter for homeless people.

Corrected: The organisation is having trouble finding shelter for homeless people.

Explanation: After the phrase "have trouble," we use a gerund (finding).

Feed hungry people makes me happy.

Corrected: Feeding hungry people makes me happy.

Explanation: As the subject of the sentence, we use a gerund (feeding).

Would you mind give me a lift to the medical centre?

Corrected: Would you mind giving me a lift to the medical centre?

Explanation: After the phrase "would you mind," we use a gerund (giving).

Live on the streets can be difficult for homeless families.

Corrected: Living on the streets can be difficult for homeless families.

Explanation: As the subject of the sentence, we use a gerund (living).

3. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one. Use the words in bold.

"Let's donate money to help fight diseases in poor countries," Mia says. (SUGGEST)

Mia suggests donating money to help fight diseases in poor countries.

Explanation: We use the gerund "donating" after the verb "suggest."

Mike told us to watch the TV programme about world hunger. (RECOMMEND)

Mike recommends watching the TV programme about world hunger.

Explanation: We use the gerund "watching" after the verb "recommend."

It is deeply rewarding to donate money to charity. (DONATE)

Donating money to charity is deeply rewarding.

Explanation: The gerund "donating" is used as the subject of the sentence.

It took us three years to open the shelter for the homeless. (SPEND)

We spent three years opening the shelter for the homeless.

Explanation: We use "spent" to indicate time and the gerund "opening" as the activity.

I'm sorry, I was late for the meeting about gender inequality yesterday. (APOLOGISE)

I apologise for being late for the meeting about gender inequality yesterday.

Explanation: We use "apologise for" followed by a gerund (being).

4. Use the words/phrases below to make sentences that are true for you.

Consider: I consider volunteering an important activity.

Avoid: I avoid eating unhealthy food.

Don't mind: I don't mind helping my friends with their homework.

Can't stand: I can't stand waiting in long lines.

Spend: I spend time reading every evening.

Have difficulty: I have difficulty waking up early in the morning.

Look forward to: I look forward to going on vacation.

Dream of: I dream of becoming a successful entrepreneur.

Complain about: I often complain about having too much work.

It's (not) worth: It's not worth arguing over small things.

5. Complete the sentences using the verbs in the list in the correct form. If the gerund is used as a subject, write (S), and if it is used as an object, write (O).

open

deliver

help

talk

organise

find

We should avoid talking about differences in skin color or nationality. (O)

Helping people in need can be done in many ways. (S)

They are busy delivering food to people in need, so they cannot meet us. (O)

Organising a talk about racism at school was a priority for my teacher. (S)

The centre succeeded in finding jobs for unemployed people. (O)

We postponed opening the shelter due to the lack of volunteers. (O)

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